城市环境中超细颗粒与暴露水平的多尺度建模

该博士研究旨在在建模框架内提升超细颗粒与城市植被的数值表现，从而量化里尔和艾克斯-马赛-普罗旺斯地区对污染物的暴露情况。研究采用多尺度建模方法，以评估污染源、暴露差异以及出行场景对城市空气质量的影响。

Job description: Project description: Regulated particulate mass concentrations are insufficient to capture the diversity and toxicity of urban aerosols. Ultrafine particles, with diameters below 100 nm, can account for a large proportion of particle number concentrations while contributing only a small fraction of the total particle mass. They can penetrate deep into the respiratory tract, leading to various adverse health effects. Under the 2024 Ambient Air Quality Directive, these particles must now be monitored through measurements in different environments. Alongside these measurements, modelling is needed to map their concentrations, understand their sources and project future changes. Their concentrations and size distributions evolve through emissions, dispersion and atmospheric transformations. A multiscale modelling approach has been developed at CEREA to map ultrafine particle concentrations across the Paris region. This approach will be extended to other areas, particularly the metropolitan areas of Lille and Aix-Marseille-Provence, which have distinct characteristics, including port and airport activities. The modelling framework will also be improved to account for urban vegetation. Trees remove some pollutants from the air, but they can also reduce street ventilation and emit volatile organic compounds that react with other atmospheric constituents, contributing to the formation of ozone and secondary particles. The overall effect depends on plant species, urban configuration, traffic emissions and meteorological conditions. This PhD is part of the RESILIENCE project and will focus on the metropolitan areas of Lille and Aix-Marseille-Provence. Their contrasting urban and meteorological settings will provide an opportunity to investigate the factors governing the spatial and temporal variability of emerging pollutants, including ultrafine particles, while assessing the effects of urban greening and mobility policies. Scientific objective This PhD aims to improve the numerical representation of ultrafine particles and vegetation within a regional-to-urban modelling framework, and then to quantify exposure contrasts and their sensitivity to changes in mobility. The modelling will enable population exposure to regulated and emerging pollutants to be quantified in the metropolitan areas of Lille and Aix-Marseille-Provence, and the sources contributing to this exposure to be identified. Research approach Representing particle sources and dynamics. The CHIMERE–MUNICH modelling chain, coupled with SSH-aerosol, will be applied from the regional scale down to street networks. Particular attention will be paid to representing particle number emissions and their size distributions to improve the simulation of ultrafine particle concentrations. Representing urban vegetation. Urban vegetation is often omitted from air quality simulations despite its substantial effects on air quality. It will therefore be mapped and incorporated into the simulations. Evaluating simulations and their uncertainties. Model results will be evaluated against measurements from the RESILIENCE field campaigns and the AtmoSud and Atmo Hauts-de-France monitoring networks. The simulations will be used to analyse differences between background pollution and pollution near traffic, port and airport sources. Quantifying exposure and the effects of mobility scenarios. Simulated concentrations will be combined with population data to quantify exposure and identify the most exposed locations. Mobility scenarios will be compared using several pollution indicators. Together with the RESILIENCE partners, the resulting maps will support the analysis of environmental health inequalities.

所需个人背景与技能要求： 申请者应持有大气科学、物理学、化学、环境科学或应用数学领域的硕士或工程学位，并具备编程、数值建模及数据分析方面的技能。